\n
Livestock- Guarding Dogs & Their Current Use World- Wide. By Robin Rigg; Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen. While . Combined with a relaxation of responsible livestock guarding in many areas where carnivores had been eradicated, modern farmers no longer know how to protect . Livestock losses often lead to increased antagonism towards wild carnivores . There is much to be learned from the herding traditions of regions . This is relevant to the current research Wild. CRU and the Born Free Foundation are undertaking on Human Wildlife Conflict Resolution and, more specifically, in the field testing of anti- predator strategies in Slovakia. The annexes list known users and experts on livestock guarding dogs as well as sources of further information available in the scientific literature and on the internet. Target audience. Wildlife . Consultations with various colleagues have been held as opportunity has allowed. As a great deal of work with livestock guarding dogs is not of a scientific nature, particularly outside the USA, additional material available on the internet between October 2. October 2. 00. 1 has been included. WildEarth Guardians works to protect and restore wildlife, wild places and wild rivers in the American West. Environmental Politics and Policy. A Bibliography for Teaching and Research Prepared by Dave Robertson, University of Missouri-St. Links to UMSL Environmental. Der Guardian Children’s Fiction Prize ist ein Literaturpreis, der seit 1967 von der Zeitung The Guardian an britische Autoren von Kinderb May 5 is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 240 days remaining until the end of the year. People who grew up in the 1970s and 1980s will likely remember Peter Pan Records (and its imprint Power Records), which published original audio stories featuring. Each year qualifying Alaska residents receive a Permanent Fund dividend (PFD) check, distributed to those eligible for nothing more than living there. The Guardian Children\'s Fiction Prize or Guardian Award is a literary award that annually recognises one fiction book written for children or young adults (at least. For convenience, website addresses for articles posted on the internet have been included in the Annex II reference section and useful website addresses . Caucasian Shepherd dogs being left for days at a time in sole charge of large herds . The latter authors also postulated reasons for the demise of . Landry (1. 99. 9b) has briefly reviewed observations . Over the centuries, a distinct set of dogs has been developed throughout Eurasia from Portugal . They are usually large (often 7. Most breeds have a large head and pendant, rather than pricked, ears. Like other dogs, LGDs are social animals: they have a great need to stay in a group, especially with . In adulthood the dogs then follow and protect the flock as if they were part of it. The coat colour of LGD breeds has been adapted to the appearance of the animals that they have to guard: white dogs with white sheep, coloured (brown or grey) dogs with coloured sheep, goats or yaks. This increases the likelihood of livestock accepting the dogs among . The United Kennel Club (UKC)http: //www. Guardian. Dogs/Guardian. Dogs. html. Working Dog Webhttp: //www. Guarding dogs versus herding dogs. Livestock . Coppinger and Coppinger (1. LGD- predator encounters often involve fights, such as in Sedefchev (2. Karakatchan in Bulgaria (see USA LGD evaluation for speculation on how guarding dogs might reduce predation on livestock). Coppinger et al (1. Coppinger . This, they argued, also blurs species- specific . Herding dogs, by contrast, retain predatory sequences which can be seen in their eye- stalk- chase approach . In short, LGDs behave towards livestock as if they were siblings whereas herding dogs behave as though they were stalking prey. Historical origins. The . Sheep and goats seem to have first been domesticated around 7. BC in the area of present day Iran and Iraq. These early animals were black, grey or. Domestic dogs and sheep first appear together in archaeological sites dated 3. BC The first ancestors of guardin g dogs probably arrived in Europe with nomadic shepherds from the Caucasus in the 6th . Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella in res Rustica (6. CE) and Macius Terentius Varro in Res rusticae (3. BCE) wrote that white dogs were preferred as they could be distinguished. There is evidence, though, that livestock themselves may have been at least partially involved in selecting the dogsthat guarded them, as they were seen to be more comfortable . Gradually they were then standardised by selective breeding (Sponenberg. Since then the International. Canine . This, together with changing use of dogs, has sometimes resulted in breeding for traits other than would be desirable in working livestock guarding dogs. Nelson (quoted in Sponenberg . Landry 1. 99. 9b citing M. Green et al (1. 98. LGDs was in reducing predation, but 8. These authors concluded that there are few limitations to the type of conditions under which a good dog can be a benefit. The use of LGDs also has a role in carnivore conservation. A number of on- going carnivore conservation projects include the use of LGDs. Coppinger and Coppinger (1. LGDs in advance of anticipated . It should stand on strong legs and feet, receive a registration certificate, pedigree and inoculations/medications. Andelt (1. 99. 9a) provided the following guidelines for choosing pups. Examine the pup, and parents if possible. Adults should have sound shoulders, legs and feet and be certified or guaranteed free of hip dysplasia. Be sure that neither parent exhibits excessive aggressiveness or shyness. These traits are likely to show up later in the pup. The teeth should meet, or preferably overlap in a scissors bite. Check eyes and ears for . The pup should be confident, outgoing and friendly. Avoid a pup that seems overly shy, or one that dominates all its litter mates . Ancient herders probably selected the original livestock guardians from among their general camp dogs which were most similar in size and colour to sheep and showed the weakest chase behaviour. As the Navajo still do, they may have allowed such dogs to whelp and raise pups among the herd, which the pups then grew to regard as their pack, preferring to remain with it and guard it in adult life (Miller unpub. Examples of pups suckled by ewes have been reported (e. Coppinger have been consultants. The development of these . Approaching sheep with . Both are desirable behaviours, signs that your dog has the right instincts and is working properly. Attentive. Flock guardians are selected for their ability to follow other . Following a moving flock and sleeping and loafing among the sheep are signs of attentiveness to sheep. A dog that retreats to the flock at the approach of a stranger is showing . Researchers have shown . Therefore, success depends on training your pup to follow sheep. Protective. The basis of protectiveness . Typically, a young pup . It will retreat to the sheep or home- site, . A predator, let’s say a coyote, usually avoids . Attacking a predator, which is generally unnecessary, rarely occurs. The distance of the approach toward strange activity increases as the dog matures. The distance a dog travels varies with . This process is distinct from imprinting as described by Lorenz (1. Landry 1. 99. 9b), which occurs when the pup first opens its eyes at about two . However, pups should not be separated from their mother and other dogs too early as they may later show fear of dogs . Remember that a guarding dog may take 2 years or more to mature. A modified . However, 5. LGDs caused no extra worry. The USDA (1. 99. 8) recommended posting signs to alert passers by to the presence of LGDs and escorting visitors when near the flock. Lorenz and Coppinger (1. LGD behaviours: -Not trustworthy. Nearly half of all dogs from 4 litters observed by Arons (1. Obnoxious behaviours included chasing, biting, mounting and pulling wool. This is usually play but must be corrected as it can become a serious problem if sheep respond fearfully . A stick attached to a chain on the dog. Play can also be reduced by lowering calorie intake (but not quantity of food), such as with a 2 week diet of cooked oats. Sick, old or odd sheep may be . Very few dogs are 1. Lorenz and Coppinger 1. Not all dogs observed by Arons (1. Lack of shelter against bad weather, mosquitoes, heat and humidity all seem to affect attentiveness. Basic needs must be provided to allow LGDs to do their job (Coppinger and Coppinger . In Romania, for example, dogs leave their flocks to seek food (Mertens and Promberger 2. The most common problem is, however, dogs returning to areas of human activity (Lorenz and Coppinger 1. Seriously inattentive dogs tend to be . Nevertheless, even dogs attentive to people can be useful in some situations, such as where a shepherd is always present, within an electric fence, where pastures surround a house or barn (Lorenz and Coppinger 1. LGDs are present (Coppinger and Coppinger 1. Not . Protectiveness also depends on aggressiveness (in turn a function of age, sex and individual . More than one dog may be needed to protect widely scattered sheep (Lorenz and Coppinger 1. For small flocks kept close to the normal work area extra time was minimal, whereas those with sheep in large pastures away from their house spent more time making special checks . Moving livestock to a new location . Expectations of LGD performance must be realistic. Dogs are most effective in certain situations: their efficacy is increased in smaller herds and in the presence of a shepherd (Ginsberg and Macdonald 1. Low levels of predation (e. Some eastern European and Asian races considered to be the same breed in the West have a different name in each of the countries in which they are native. Table 1 presents a summary of LGD breeds recognised by the International Canine Federation (ICF) as well as others mentioned in the literature. A selection of breeds is then listed in alphabetical order with notes on their origin, physical description, use, advantages, possible problems and website addresses for further information (see also, where included, the relevant case study of the breed. Bernard (?)Tadjikistan Dahmarda (Tadjikian Mastiff)Tibet Do- Khy (Tibetan Mastiff); Tibetan Kyi- Apso. Turkey Akbash; Kangal Kopegi, Sivas Kangal or Karabash; (Anatolian Mastiff or Shepherd Dog)Kars Dog. Kurd Steppe Dog. Turkmenistan Alabay Koyunchi, Chokcha (Turkmenian Shepherd)Uzbekistan Torkuz Sarkangikformer Yugoslavia, Macedonia Sharplaninatz (Yugoslavian Shepherd Dog)Akbash, Anatolian Shepherd, Kangal, Karabash and Kars. The Akbash is a white dog from west central Turkey, south and west of Ankara. It is more heat tolerant than heavier, more massive breeds (Taylor 1. Its white coat is accepted by sheep and distinguished at night by shepherds from dark coloured predators . None of 6 sheep producers in a Colorado study (Andelt .
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. Archives
October 2016
Categories |